正文
大文件上传会消耗大量的时间，而且中途有可能上传失败。这时我们需要前端和后端配合来解决这个问题。
解决步骤：
- 文件分片，减少每次请求消耗的时间，如果某次请求失败可以单独上传，而不是从头开始
- 通知服务端合并文件分片
- 控制并发的请求数量，避免浏览器内存溢出
- 当因为网络或者其他原因导致某次的请求失败，我们重新发送请求
文件的分片与合并
在JavaScript中，FIle对象是' Blob '对象的子类，该对象包含一个重要的方法slice，通过该方法我们可以这样分割二进制文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.24.0/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="file" multiple="multiple" id="fileInput" />
<button onclick="SliceUpload()">上传</button>
<script>
function SliceUpload() {
const file = document.getElementById('fileInput').files[0]
if (!file) return
// 文件分片
let size = 1024 * 50; //50KB 50KB Section size
let fileChunks = [];
let index = 0; //Section num
for (let cur = 0; cur < file.size; cur = size) {
fileChunks.push({
hash: index ,
chunk: file.slice(cur, cur size),
});
}
// 上传分片
const uploadList = fileChunks.map((item, index) => {
let formData = new FormData();
formData.append("filename", file.name);
formData.append("hash", item.hash);
formData.append("chunk", item.chunk);
return axios({
method: "post",
url: "/upload",
data: formData,
});
});
await Promise.all(uploadList);
// 所有分片上传完成，通知服务器合并分片
await axios({
method: "get",
url: "/merge",
params: {
filename: file.name,
},
});
console.log("Upload to complete");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>并发控制
如果文件很大，这样切分的分片会很多，浏览器短时间内就会发起大量的请求，可能会导致内存耗尽，所以要进行并发控制。
这里我们结合Promise.race()方法 控制并发请求的数量，避免浏览器内存溢出。
// 加入并发控制
async function SliceUpload() {
const file = document.getElementById('fileInput').files[0]
if (!file) return
// 文件分片
let size = 1024 * 50; //50KB 50KB Section size
let fileChunks = [];
let index = 0; //Section num
for (let cur = 0; cur < file.size; cur = size) {
fileChunks.push({
hash: index ,
chunk: file.slice(cur, cur size),
});
}
let pool = []; //Concurrent pool
let max = 3; //Maximum concurrency
for (let i = 0; i < fileChunks.length; i ) {
let item = fileChunks[i];
let formData = new FormData();
formData.append("filename", file.name);
formData.append("hash", item.hash);
formData.append("chunk", item.chunk);
// 上传分片
let task = axios({
method: "post",
url: "/upload",
data: formData,
});
task.then(() => {
// 从并发池中移除已经完成的请求
let index = pool.findIndex((t) => t === task);
pool.splice(index);
});
// 把请求放入并发池中，如果已经达到最大并发量
pool.push(task);
if (pool.length === max) {
//All requests are requested complete
await Promise.race(pool);
}
}
// 所有分片上传完成，通知服务器合并分片
await axios({
method: "get",
url: "/merge",
params: {
filename: file.name,
},
});
console.log("Upload to complete");
}使代码可复用
function SliceUpload() {
const file = document.getElementById('fileInput').files[0]
if (!file) return
// 文件分片
let size = 1024 * 50; // 分片大小设置
let fileChunks = [];
let index = 0; // 分片序号
for (let cur = 0; cur < file.size; cur = size) {
fileChunks.push({
hash: index ,
chunk: file.slice(cur, cur size),
});
}
const uploadFileChunks = async function(list){
if(list.length === 0){
// 所有分片上传完成，通知如无
await axios({
method: 'get',
url: '/merge',
params: {
filename: file.name
}
});
console.log('Upload to complete')
return
}
let pool = [] // 并发池
let max = 3 // 最大并发数
let finish = 0 // 完成数量
let failList = [] // 失败列表
for(let i=0;i<list.length;i ){
let item = list[i]
let formData = new FormData()
formData.append('filename', file.name)
formData.append('hash', item.hash)
formData.append('chunk', item.chunk)
let task = axios({
method: 'post',
url: '/upload',
data: formData
})
task.then((data)=>{
// 从并发池中移除已经完成的请求
let index = pool.findIndex(t=> t===task)
pool.splice(index)
}).catch(()=>{
failList.push(item)
}).finally(()=>{
finish
// 如果有失败的重新上传
if(finish===list.length){
uploadFileChunks(failList)
}
})
pool.push(task)
if(pool.length === max){
await Promise.race(pool)
}
}
}
uploadFileChunks(fileChunks)
}服务端接口实现
const express = require('express')
const multiparty = require('multiparty')
const fs = require('fs')
const path = require('path')
const { Buffer } = require('buffer')
// file path
const STATIC_FILES = path.join(__dirname, './static/files')
// Temporary path to upload files
const STATIC_TEMPORARY = path.join(__dirname, './static/temporary')
const server = express()
// Static file hosting
server.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, './dist')))
// Interface for uploading slices
server.post('/upload', (req, res) => {
const form = new multiparty.Form();
form.parse(req, function(err, fields, files) {
let filename = fields.filename[0]
let hash = fields.hash[0]
let chunk = files.chunk[0]
let dir = `${STATIC_TEMPORARY}/${filename}`
// console.log(filename, hash, chunk)
try {
if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir)以上就是Node.js实现分片上传示例详解的详细内容，更多关于Node.js分片上传的资料请关注Devmax其它相关文章！